How to remove Shortcut virus in USB Pendrive, PC, Hard disk, memory cards using cmd

We use Pen Drives often and when we plug in our pen drive, memory cards or even mobile phone through USB cable into our windows PC USB port sometimes we are annoyed to see our files changed into shortcut files, even this shortcut virus affects PC Hard disks.

What is Shortcut Virus? 

I have seen this problem in PC having antivirus too, when your Pen drive, PC, Hard Disk, Memory cards or mobile phone got infected by some anonymous malware, they change your files into shortcuts with the original folder icons.

Just follow the below given steps to remove, delete, wipe out or whatever the shortcut virus from your pen drive, memory cards or even mobile phone and recover back your files. 

Follow the below Steps:

• Go to Start -> Run -> cmd.
• Go to your pen drive, memory cards or even mobile phone directory.
• Type attrib -h -r -s /s /d e:\*.*
• Replace e with your drive letter.
• And then press a gentle Enter.

Note : After when you got your files, just copy your files somewhere in your PC and format your drive and then copy again your files to the drive. Only then your shorcut virus will get off from your PC...!

WAY TO RECOVER FILE USING " WINRAR "

You can recover your files through Winrar.

Open WINRAR Application.

Navigate to your Pendrive location or PC Folder location.

Copy Files and Paste where you want.

Format your Pendrive. 

Note: If the Drive gets infected again and again " Do a Boot Time Scan Using Avast Antivirus"

Hosted Network or AdHoc in Window 8 or Latter.

To connect two laptop through wireless medium i window 8 or latter there is need of hosted network (also known as AdHoc). But this  feature is not present directly

so to achieve this one need to run few commands in Dos

Step 1

Open Run dialog box.

and type "cmd'. (open as Administrator)

Step 2

In cmd screen type the following commands

netsh wlan show drivers

check weather it supports the hosted network or not

Step 3
If yes then type the following commands
netsh wlan set hostednetwork mode=allow ssid=network_name key=pass_key

Step 4
You are almost there, just a last command to type
netsh wlan start hostednetwork

Enjoy the inter connection between systems. :)

for any assistance feel free to contact.

How Operating Systems Work

Within the broad family of operating systems, there are generally four types, categorized based on the types of computers they control and the sort of applications they support. The categories are:

Real-time operating system(RTOS)

Real-time operating systems are used to control machinery, scientific instruments and industrial systems. An RTOS typically has very little user-interface capability, and no end-user utilities, since the system will be a "sealed box" when delivered for use. A very important part of an RTOS is managing the resources of the computer so that a particular operation executes in precisely the same amount of time, every time it occurs. In a complex machine, having a part move more quickly just because system resources are available may be just as catastrophic as having it not move at all because the system is busy.

Single-user, single task

As the name implies, this operating system is designed to manage the computer so that one user can effectively do one thing at a time. The Palm OS for Palm handheld computers is a good example of a modern single-user, single-task operating system.

Single-user, multi-tasking

This is the type of operating system most people use on their desktop and laptop computers today. Microsoft's Windows and Apple's MacOS platforms are both examples of operating systems that will let a single user have several programs in operation at the same time. For example, it's entirely possible for a Windows user to be writing a note in a word processor while downloading a file from the Internet while printing the text of an e-mail message.

Multi-user

A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage of the computer's resources simultaneously. The operating system must make sure that the requirements of the various users are balanced, and that each of the programs they are using has sufficient and separate resources so that a problem with one user doesn't affect the entire community of users. Unix, VMS and mainframe operating systems, such as MVS, are examples of multi-user operating systems.

It's important to differentiate between multi-user operating systems and single-user operating systems that support networking. Windows 2000 and Novell Netware can each support hundreds or thousands of networked users, but the operating systems themselves aren't true multi-user operating systems. Thesystem administrator is the only "user" for Windows 2000 or Netware. The network support and all of the remote user logins the network enables are, in the overall plan of the operating system, a program being run by the administrative user.

With the different types of operating systems in mind, it's time to look at the basic functions provided by an operating system.

Top programming languages you should know to be master in computer world.......

Knowing a handful of programming languages is seen by many as a harbor in a job market storm, solid skills that will be marketable as long as the languages are. Yet, there is beauty in numbers. While there may be developers who have had riches heaped on them by knowing the right programming language at the right time in the right place, most longtime coders will tell you that periodically learning a new language is an essential part of being a good and successful Web developer.

1. PHP
What it is: An open-source, interpretive, server-side, cross-platform, HTML scripting language, especially well-suited for Web development as it can be embedded into HTML pages.
Why you should learn it: Its particularly widely used. "High-speed scripting with caching, augmented with compiled code plug-ins (such as can be done with Perl and PHP) is where the future is. Building Web apps from scratch using C or COBOL is going the way of the dinosaur," said Duquaine.
Job availabilities: 1,152*

2. C#

What it is: A general-purpose, compiled, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft as part of its .NET initiative, it evolved from C and C++
Why you should learn it: Its an essential part of the .Net framework. "Learning C#, which is just Java with a different name plate, is critical if you heavily use Microsoft," said Duquaine.
Job availabilities: 5,111

3. AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
What it is: Though technically not a programming language, AJAX uses XHTML or HTML, JavaScript and XML to create interactive Web applications.
Why you should learn it: Ever since Google Maps put AJAX, well, on the map, the requests for AJAX-knowledgeable pros went through the roof. "The demand for AJAX knowledge is huge because its so damned hard to learn," said Huckaby. Of note, Microsoft announced recently plans to release a tool named Atlas that will make AJAX easier to implement. "If Microsofts Atlas tool is successful, it would bring the extreme complexity and annoyance of AJAX to the average worker," said Huckaby.
Job availabilities : 1,106

4. JavaScript
What it is: Not to be confused with Java, JavaScript is a an object-oriented, scripting programming language that runs in the Web browser on the client side. Its smaller than Java, with a simplified set of commands, easier to code and doesnt have to be compiled.
Why you should learn it: Embedded into HTML, its used in millions of Web pages to validate forms, create cookies, detect browsers and improve the design. With its simplicity to learn as well as wide use, its considered a great bang for your educational buck.
Job availabilities: 4,406

5. Perl
What it is: Perl is an open-source, cross-platform, server-side interpretive programming language used extensively to process text through CGI programs.
Why you should learn it: Perls power in processing of piles of text has made it very popular and widely used to write Web server programs for a range of tasks. "Learning some form of scripting language, such as Perl or PHP is critical if you are doing Web apps," said Duquaine.
Job availabilities: 4,810

6. C
What it is: A standardized, general-purpose programming language, its one of the most pervasive languages and the basis for several others (such as C++).
Why you should learn it: "Learning C is crucial. Once you learn C, making the jump to Java or C# is fairly easy, because a lot of the syntax is common. Also, a lot of C syntax is used in scripting languages," said Duquaine.
Job availabilities: 6,164, including all derivatives

7. Ruby and Ruby on Rails
What they are: Ruby is a dynamic, object-oriented, open-source programming language; Ruby on Rails is an open-source Web application framework written in Ruby that closely follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture.
Why you should learn it: With a focus on simplicity, productivity and letting the computers do the work, in a few years, its usage has spread quickly. As a bonus, many find it easy to learn.
Job availabilities : 210 and 54, respectively

8. Java
What it is: An object-oriented programming language developed by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s.
Why you should learn it: Hailed by many developers as a "beautiful" language, it is central to the non-.Net programming experience. "Learning Java is critical if you are non-Microsoft," said Duquaine.
Job availabilities: 14,408

9. Python
What it is: An interpreted, dynamically object-oriented, open-source programming language that utilizes automatic memory management.
Why you should learn it: Designed to be a highly readable, minimalist language, many say it has a sense of humor (spam and eggs, rather than foo and bar), Python is used extensively by Google as well as in academia because of its syntactic simplicity.
Job availabilities: 811

10. VB.Net (Visual Basic .Net)
What it is: An object-oriented language implemented on Microsofts .Net framework.
Why you should learn it: Most argue that VB.Net is currently more popular than ever and one of the only "must-learns." "It is currently dominating in adoption and that is where all the work is," said Huckaby.
Job availabilities: 2,090* 

*All numbers on job availability were pulled from nationwide queries on Dice.com, a job site for technology professionals. Check out eWEEK.coms for the latest news, reviews and analysis in programming environments and developer tools.

Shift of Ad Spending to Digital

Advertising spending has been shifting to the Internet at a rapid rate, with the IAB reporting that online advertising in Q3 increased by 18% over last year. For the first three quarters of 2012, the increase was 15% -- far greater than the increase of 3.8% in spending for all measured media during the same time period.

Here are the most recent IAB data by ad format for Q2, 2012:

The IAB report reveals strong growth in a variety of formats, especially mobile (+92%), video (+18%), search (+17%) and banners (+12%). The notable exception is rich media, which posted a large decline of -34%. It has been hypothesized that the high production cost of rich media ads is causing a shift to other formats, especially video where a 30-second TV commercial can be easily repurposed into a 15-second online ad at a minimal cost. At the same time, concern is growing among advertisers and their agencies regarding the limited amount of video inventory available, with many reporting that video CPMs often exceed those of TV. However, it’s also clear that the more precise targeting that can be achieved with online ads along with a higher consumer engagement with video ads is also helping drive video ad prices above those of TV.

What is differences between JVM, JDK, JRE and open JDK?

A Java virtual machine (JVM) is a virtual machine that can execute Java bytecode. It is the code execution component of the Java software platform.

The Java Development Kit (JDK) is an Oracle Corporation product aimed at Java developers. Since the introduction of Java, it has been by far the most widely used Java Software Development Kit (SDK).

Java Runtime Environment, is also referred to as the Java Runtime, Runtime Environment

OpenJDK (Open Java Development Kit) is a free and open source implementation of the Java programming language. It is the result of an effort Sun Microsystems began in 2006. The implementation is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) with a linking exception.

How is object oriented programming and procedural oriented programming are inter related???

Support of features
Object Based Language does not support all the features of Oops
Object Oriented Language supports all the features of Oops.

Inheritance
Object Based Language Does Not Support Oops feature i.e. Inheritance.
Object Oriented Language supports all the Features of Oops including Inheritance.

Sample
Visual Basic is an Object based Programming Language because you can use class and Object here but can not inherit one class from another class i.e. it does not support Inheritance.
Java is an Object Oriented Languages because it supports all the concepts of Oops like Data Encapsulation, Polymorphism,Inheritance,Data Abstraction , Dynamic Binding etc.

Example
Javascript, VB are example of Object Based Language.
C#, Java, VB. Net are example of Object Oriented Languages.